Option Strategies

Long Strangle

Introduction

Long Strangle is an Options trading strategy that consists of simultaneously buying an OTM put and an OTM call, where both contracts have the same underlying asset and expiration date. This strategy aims to profit from volatile movements in the underlying stock, either positive or negative.

Compared to a long straddle, the net debit of a long strangle is lower since OTM Options are cheaper. Additionally, the losing range of a long straddle is wider and the strike spread is wider.

Implementation

Follow these steps to implement the long strangle strategy:

  1. In the Initializeinitialize method, set the start date, end date, cash, and Option universe.
  2. private Symbol _symbol;
    
    public override void Initialize()
    {
        SetStartDate(2017, 4, 1);
        SetEndDate(2017, 4, 30);
        SetCash(100000);
    
        UniverseSettings.Asynchronous = true;
        var option = AddOption("GOOG");
        _symbol = option.Symbol;
        option.SetFilter(universe => universe.IncludeWeeklys().Strangle(30, 5, -10));
    }
    def initialize(self) -> None:
        self.set_start_date(2017, 4, 1)
        self.set_end_date(2017, 4, 30)
        self.set_cash(100000)
    
        self.universe_settings.asynchronous = True
        option = self.add_option("GOOG")
        self._symbol = option.symbol
        option.set_filter(lambda universe: universe.include_weeklys().strangle(30, 5, -10))

    The Stranglestrangle filter narrows the universe down to just the two contracts you need to form a long strangle.

  3. In the OnDataon_data method, select the contracts of the strategy legs.
  4. public override void OnData(Slice slice)
    {
        if (Portfolio.Invested ||
            !slice.OptionChains.TryGetValue(_symbol, out var chain))
        { 
            return;
        }
    
        // Find options with the farthest expiry
        var expiry = chain.Max(contract => contract.Expiry);
        var contracts = chain.Where(contract => contract.Expiry == expiry).ToList();
    
        // Order the OTM calls by strike to find the nearest to ATM
        var callContracts = contracts
            .Where(contract => contract.Right == OptionRight.Call &&
                contract.Strike > chain.Underlying.Price)
            .OrderBy(contract => contract.Strike).ToArray();
        if (callContracts.Length == 0) return;
    
        // Order the OTM puts by strike to find the nearest to ATM
        var putContracts = contracts
            .Where(contract => contract.Right == OptionRight.Put &&
                contract.Strike < chain.Underlying.Price)
            .OrderByDescending(contract => contract.Strike).ToArray();
        if (putContracts.Length == 0) return;
    
        var call = callContracts[0];
        var put = putContracts[0];
    def on_data(self, slice: Slice) -> None:
        if self.portfolio.invested:
            return
    
        chain = slice.option_chain.get(self._symbol)
        if not chain:
            return
    
        # Find options with the farthest expiry
        expiry = max([x.expiry for x in chain])
        contracts = [contract for contract in chain if contract.expiry == expiry]
         
        # Order the OTM calls by strike to find the nearest to ATM
        call_contracts = sorted([contract for contract in contracts
            if contract.right == OptionRight.CALL and
                contract.strike > chain.underlying.price],
            key=lambda x: x.Strike)
        if not call_contracts:
            return
            
        # Order the OTM puts by strike to find the nearest to ATM
        put_contracts = sorted([contract for contract in contracts
            if contract.right == OptionRight.PUT and
               contract.strike < chain.underlying.price],
            key=lambda x: x.Strike, reverse=True)
        if not put_contracts:
            return
    
        call = call_contracts[0]
        put = put_contracts[0]
  5. In the OnDataon_data method, place the orders.
  6. Approach A: Call the OptionStrategies.StrangleOptionStrategies.strangle method with the details of each leg and then pass the result to the Buybuy method.

    var longStrangle = OptionStrategies.Strangle(_symbol, call.Strike, put.Strike, expiry);
    Buy(longStrangle, 1);
    long_strangle = OptionStrategies.strangle(self._symbol, call.strike, put.strike, expiry)
    self.buy(long_strangle, 1)

    Approach B: Create a list of Leg objects and then call the Combo Market Ordercombo_market_order, Combo Limit Ordercombo_limit_order, or Combo Leg Limit Ordercombo_leg_limit_order method.

    var legs = new List<Leg>()
        {
            Leg.Create(call.Symbol, 1),
            Leg.Create(put.Symbol, 1)
        };
    ComboMarketOrder(legs, 1);
    legs = [
        Leg.create(call.symbol, 1),
        Leg.create(put.symbol, 1)
    ]
    self.combo_market_order(legs, 1)

Strategy Payoff

The payoff of the strategy is

$$ \begin{array}{rcll} C^{OTM}_T & = & (S_T - K^{C})^{+}\\ P^{OTM}_T & = & (K^{P} - S_T)^{+}\\ P_T & = & (C^{OTM}_T + P^{OTM}_T - C^{OTM}_0 - P^{OTM}_0)\times m - fee \end{array} $$ $$ \begin{array}{rcll} \textrm{where} & C^{OTM}_T & = & \textrm{OTM call value at time T}\\ & P^{OTM}_T & = & \textrm{OTM put value at time T}\\ & S_T & = & \textrm{Underlying asset price at time T}\\ & K^{C} & = & \textrm{OTM call strike price}\\ & K^{P} & = & \textrm{OTM put strike price}\\ & P_T & = & \textrm{Payout total at time T}\\ & C^{OTM}_0 & = & \textrm{OTM call value at position opening (debit paid)}\\ & P^{OTM}_0 & = & \textrm{OTM put value at position opening (debit paid)}\\ & m & = & \textrm{Contract multiplier}\\ & T & = & \textrm{Time of expiration} \end{array} $$

The following chart shows the payoff at expiration:

long strangle strategy payoff

The maximum profit is unlimited if the underlying price rises to infinity at expiration.

The maximum loss is the net debit paid, $C^{OTM}_0 + P^{OTM}_0$. It occurs when the underlying price at expiration is the same as when you opened the trade. In this case, both Options expire worthless.

Example

The following table shows the price details of the assets in the algorithm at Option expiration (04/22/2017):

AssetPrice ($)Strike ($)
Call8.80835.00
Put9.50832.50
Underlying Equity at expiration843.19-

Therefore, the payoff is

$$ \begin{array}{rcll} C^{OTM}_T & = & (S_T - K^{C})^{+}\\ & = & (843.19-835.00)^{+}\\ & = & 8.19\\ P^{OTM}_T & = & (K^{P} - S_T)^{+}\\ & = & (832.50-843.19)^{+}\\ & = & 0\\ P_T & = & (C^{OTM}_T + P^{OTM}_T - C^{OTM}_0 - P^{OTM}_0)\times m - fee\\ & = & (8.19+0-8.80-9.50)\times100-2.00\times2\\ & = & -1013 \end{array} $$

So, the strategy loses $1,013.

The following algorithm implements a long straddle strategy:

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